Civil civil wrongs, non-contractual legal duties, standards of civil fault, remedies for personal and economic harm, and strict liability regimes.
Neighbour principle, proximity, policy restrictions on negligence liability, and recovery limits for purely financial detriments.
The reasonable person standard, professional malpractice standards, custom evidence, and breach determinations.
But-for testing, material contribution, multiple tortfeasors, loss of chance, and foreseeability of actionable damage.
Volenti non fit injuria, comparative and contributory negligence, illegality defence (ex turpi causa), and statutory waivers.
Employer liability for employee acts, non-delegable duties, inherently dangerous activities, and Rylands v Fletcher principles.
Libel, slander, publication, defamatory meaning, qualified privilege, truth defences, and public-figure actual malice requirements.
Substantial and unreasonable interference with land enjoyment, balancing of utilities, planning permissions, and public obstruction.
Battery, assault, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and direct trespass to land or chattels.
An analysis of the tort of intentional infliction of physical or psychiatric harm in English law, examining the doctrinal evolution from the 1897 decision in Wilkinson v Downton to the Supreme Court restatement in Rhodes v OPO.
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We separate the factual record, the holding and editorial analysis. Jurisdiction and context matter.
Our approach
